What is a actuator?
An actuator is a device or component that moves or controls something – for example, powering a motor, opening a valve, or operating a robotic arm. Actuators convert digital or electrical signals into mechanical movements or physical actions.
Actuators operate based on electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, thermal, or magnetic principles. The signals are thus generated and transmitted via electric motors, compressed air, fluid pressure, thermal expansion, or magnets.
In a technical system such as an automatic fan, actuators play a key role. Sensors detect current temperature data, while the control unit decides what action to take. If the temperature reaches a defined threshold, the actuator engages and activates the fan (e.g., via a magnetic switch).
Examples of actuators include:
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In a car, actuators control window lifters, seat adjustments, or the braking system.
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In a robotic arm, electric actuators (motors) move the individual joints.
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In building automation, pneumatic actuators regulate ventilation flaps.
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